Barnabas Ilko

I would note that the title of the heading is 'TESTING' which should not be confused with design. The wind speed specified in the table is minimum wind speed that does not take into the consideration many items, such as design life, importance level, signage/shade cloth on the fence etc. I would recommend using AS1170.2 to establish the wind speed and do a risk management to see whether the fence is used for the right application. For example if the fence is in an urban environment where its failure can lead to safety concerns or the collapse can damage other properties around site it should be considered. If it is in areas where its collapse has no consequence on the greater public on workers, this wind speed can be kept at a minimum.

In Australia there are no codes or other practice nots that would outline the roles and responsibilities between PW and TW engineers. It is usually up to the clients or head contractors (dependent on the contract type) to outline who is doing what. On some occasions it is not outlined and can lead to confusions. Internationally there is one document that can be used as a basis for the delineation of roles. Have a look here Construction - Construction Design and Management Regulations 2015 (hse.gov.uk)

For the wind velocity the same approach has to be taken as is for permanent works. AS1170.2 has to be followed for wind loading calculations and for the wind velocity calculation as well. Using partial and other factors could be used, however Australian Standards do not outline them. The following publication might help you to explore a few options, but I would note that with these formulas engineering judgement has to be used: Engineers Australia (tandfonline.com)

When you talk about formwork systems, there is only 3610. AS1170 lays out a few considerations that you might need to take into consideration. A good publication that I like to refer to is Z36 from the Concrete Institute of Australia (CIA) that outlines all load considerations and when to use them. 

Z36 - Formwork Handbook - Concrete Institute of Australia

They can be modelled in Revit or similar 3D software. The use of scripts make them re-useable and can accelerate the way they are created. Some suppliers have their own software as well.

It depends on what the material is and what purpose it is being used for. For example scaffold tubes, formwork systems and lifting beams are all temporary works elements that are being used and have different requirements. They are either specified in Australian Standards, practice notes or manufacturer's data sheets. It depends o the form of temporary works ad what it is used for.

The working description provided by Justin comes from BS 5975 Code of Practice for Temporary Works Procedures and the Permissible Stress Design of Falsework. The latest edition of the code has a slight modification to it. The latest working description can be found under clause 5.1.1.1. It states the following:

Quote

 

Temporary works can be described as providing an "engineered solution" that is used to support or protect either an existing structure or the permanent works during construction, or to support an item of plant or equipment, or the vertical sides or side-slopes of an excavation during construction operations on site or to provide access. It is used to control stability, strength, deflection, fatigue, geotechnical effects and hydraulic effects within defined limits. This description of temporary works includes, but is not limited to:

a) supporting or protecting either an existing structure or the permanent works during construction, modification or demolition;

b) provision of stability to the permanent structure during construction, pre-weakening or demolition (e.g. propping, shoring, facade retention etc.);

c) securing a site, or providing access to a site or workplace on site or segregation of pedestrians and vehicles (e.g. hoarding, haul roads, fencing, stairs);

d) supporting or restraining plant, materials or equipment, including stability of water-borne craft;

e) provision of earthworks or slopes to an excavation or supports to the side or roof of an excavation or supports or diversions to watercourse during construction operations;

f ) providing a safe platform for work activity on land or water (e.g. jetty, scaffolding, edge protection or towers);

g) providing measures to control noise, dust, debris, fume, air quality, groundwater or any site discharges during construction or demolition (e.g. screens, bunds, de-watering, demolition debris);

h) providing protection or support to services; and

i) facilitating testing (e.g. pressure testing pipes, pile testing, pre-demolition floor load capacity testing).

 

There is usually a reasonable amount of planning before any lift that is not a repetitive lift. Lifting a reinforcement cage for a diaphragm wall is not typical, therefore planning of the lift cage is in place. That requires the preparation of a lift plan, but it is usually not done by the operator, rather a team of people. They need to assess the weight of the object, where it will be lifted from and where it will be placed at, chose the right crane/s to complete the task, do a preliminary lift study, carry out design works for all elements required checking by an engineer, carry out toolbox on site before the lift etc. The more complex the lift is, the longer this process can become and more steps could be in place to safely complete them. The approval process is usually multi-tiered and multiple people sign off on the lift plan.